External Links
The following external websites provide additional information and resources to complement the documents in the Archives Direct portal.
Apartheid South Africa, 1948-1980
BBC Archive, Profile and Timeline of South Africa
www.bbc.co.uk/archive/apartheid
A list of programmes and video documentaries on the topic of apartheid.
www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14094918
Comprehensive facts and dates from the history of South Africa.
Mandela: An Audio History
www.mandelahistory.org
A series of radio recordings about the life of Nelson Mandela and his struggle against apartheid.
Forward to Freedom
www.aamarchives.org
Archives telling the story of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement, 1959-1994.
African Activist Archive
africanactivist.msu.edu/index.php
Online archive of pamphlets, newsletters, leaflets, badges, posters, T-shirts, photographs, and audio and video recordings, and an international directory of library collections.
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/blcas/eltsa.html
Catalogue of the papers of the End Loans To Southern Africa organisation, 1974-1995.
www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/blcas/bart.html
Catalogue of the papers of the Bishop Ambrose Reeves Trust, 1965-1996.
www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/blcas/huddleston.html
Catalogue of the papers of Archbishop Trevor Huddleston (1913-98), 1897-1999.
www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/sampson/sampson.html
Catalogue of he papers of Anthony Sampson, c. 1930-2011.
University of the Witwatersrand Historical Papers Archive
www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za
One of the largest and most comprehensive independent archives in southern Africa, housing over 3,300 collections of historical, political and cultural importance, dating from the mid-17th century to the present.
SAHA (South African History Archive): Archive for Justice
www.saha.org.za
An independent human rights archive documenting and providing access to archival holdings that relate to past and contemporary struggles for justice in South Africa.
The Nordic Documentation on the Liberation Struggle in Southern Africa Project
www.liberationafrica.se
Finding aids for primary-source materials of different Nordic archival institutions, NGOs individuals involved in the liberation struggles in southern Africa.
Nelson Mandela Foundation
www.nelsonmandela.org
A wide selection of information on Mandela's life and work.
Ruth First Papers
www.ruthfirstpapers.org.uk
The collected notes, writings and papers of the anti-apartheid activist, journalist and scholar Ruth First.
Fordham University: Internet History Sourcebooks
Internet African History Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/africa/africasbook.asp
Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Africa Since 1945
www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook53.asp
Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Imperialism
www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook34.asp
Northwestern University: Visual resources on Africa at Northwestern University Library
16th-20th Century Maps of Africa
digital.library.northwestern.edu/mapsofafrica/
The Humphrey Winterton Collection of East African Photographs, 1860-1960
repository.library.northwestern.edu/winterton/
Stanford University: African History on the Internet
http://library.stanford.edu/africa-south-sahara/browse-topic/history
Confidential Print: Latin America
Center for Research Libraries: Brazilian Government Documents (in Portuguese)
www.crl.edu/brazil
Georgetown University: Political Database of the Americas (largely in Spanish and Portuguese)
pdba.georgetown.edu/
University of Texas at Austin: Argentine Presidential Messages, 1810-1993 (in Spanish)
lanic.utexas.edu/larrp/pm/sample2/argentin/index.html
Library of Congress: The Luso-Hispanic World in Maps: Western Hemisphere
www.loc.gov/rr/geogmap/luso/westhem.html
Maps of Latin America before 1900, many from the 19th century.
University of Texas at Austin: Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection Historical Maps of the Americas
www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/history_americas.html
Maps of the Americas from the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cornell University: The Alfredo Montalvo Bolivian Digital Pamphlets Collection
bolivianpams.library.cornell.edu/
Duke University: Deena Stryker Photographs of Cuba
library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/stryker/
Harvard University: Latin American Digital Pamphlet Collection
vc.lib.harvard.edu/vc/deliver/home?_collection=LAP
Confidential Print: Middle East
Mideastimage.com: Lessons from the past for the future
www.mideastimage.com/
Columbia University E-Seminar 1: Islam, Revolution, and the Modern State
ci.columbia.edu/ci/eseminars/1361_detail.html
Columbia University E-Seminar 2: U.S. Policy in the Persian Gulf
ci.columbia.edu/ci/eseminars/1362_detail.html
Columbia University E-Seminar 3: Revolution, U.S. Policy, and Cold War Politics
ci.columbia.edu/ci/eseminars/1363_detail.html
Confidential Print: North America
African-American Perspectives: Pamphlets from the Daniel A. P. Murray Collection 1818-1907
rs6.loc.gov/ammem/aap/aaphome.html
The Smithsonian Institution National Portrait Gallery: Civil War 150
npg.si.edu/exhibit/cw/npgcivilwar.html
The Crisis of the Union: An electronic archive of documents about the causes, conduct and consequences of the US Civil War
sceti.library.upenn.edu/sceti/abolitionism/
Aspiration, Acculturation, and Impact: Immigration to the United States, 1789-1930
ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/
The United States and its Territories 1870-1925: The age of imperialism
quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/
Documents focused on the Spanish-American War of 1898 and subsequent US rule in the Philippines.
Brown University Library Centre for Digital Scholarship: Alcohol, Temperance & Prohibition
library.brown.edu/cds/temperance/
Canada in the Making
www.canadiana.ca/citm/primary/primary_e.html
Canadian constitutional documents, treaties and Acts of Parliament
The Laurier Military History Archive, Wilfrid Laurier University
lmharchive.ca/
Documents and photographs on Canada at war in the 20th century.
Canadian Geographic: Historical Maps of Canada
http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/mapping
Yukon Archives: The Klondike Gold Rush
tc.gov.yk.ca/archives/klondike/
McGill Library Digital Collections: Canadian War Posters Collection
digital.library.mcgill.ca/warposters/
Libraries and Archives Canada: Canadian Confederation
www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/index-e.html
The constitutional evolution of the Canadian polity, 1867 to the present.
The Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC)
www.dloc.com/ufdc/
The dLOC provides access to digitised versions of Caribbean cultural, historical and research materials held in a variety of archives, libraries and private collections.
Foreign Office Files for China
Asia for Educators
afe.easia.columbia.edu/tps/1900.htm
afe.easia.columbia.edu/tps/1950.htm
An initiative of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute at Columbia University, Asia for Educators (AFE) is designed to serve academics and students in world history, culture, geography, art, and literature at undergraduate and pre-undergraduate levels.
British Association for Chinese Studies
www.bacsuk.org.uk/
The British Association for Chinese Studies draws its members from academia, journalism, industry and government. The organisation runs the China Postgraduate Network for scholars of China in the UK, as well as promoting the study of China in schools. The text of the Association's Journal is available on their website.
China and the United States: From Hostility to Engagement, 1960-1998
www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB19/
The National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 18 from George Washington University.
The Chinese Political System and the Communist Party
afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_1950_prc_ccp.htm
This unit within the Asia for Educators website provides an overview of the Chinese political system and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with excerpts from the state and party constitutions. These primary documents can highlight for students how the Communist Party is the real political power in China. A chart of the political structure of China is included, to help students better understand the relationship between the party and the state in a communist system. There are also discussion questions.
Historical Society for Twentieth-Century China
hstcconline.org/
An international organisation for students and scholars of China, the HSTCC holds its biennial meetings in Asia, Europe and North America, and publishes the journal Twentieth-Century China.
Picturing Power: Posters of the Cultural Revolution
http://huntingtonarchive.org/Exhibitions/picturingPowerExhibit.php
An exhbition of posters produced between 1963 and 1979 during the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China, from the collections of the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the University of Westminster, London. Originally mounted in Indiana University in 1999, this online version is hosted by the Huntington Archive at the Ohio State University.
Record of Historic Richard Nixon-Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972 from the US National Security Archive
www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/publications/DOC_readers/kissinger/nixzhou/
This site features an introduction to these talks and digitised images of six declassified files of transcripts.
Robert Henry Chandless Photographs, University of Washington
content.lib.washington.edu/chandlessweb/index.html
Robert Henry Chandless was an American trader working in China in the early twentieth century. The portion of his photographic collection digitised here documents life amongst the Chinese and foreigners in China from c. 1895 to 1930, and is browsable by title and subject.
The Shanghai Municipal Police Directory
eis.bris.ac.uk/~hirab/smp2.html
This resource, maintained by Professor Robert Bickers of the University of Bristol, contains details for 2,700 members of the SMP, mostly Britons and other Europeans but with some Chinese and Japanese. The force was founded in 1854 but most of the information here relates to members who served between 1900 and 1945.
Taiwan and U.S.-China Relations Since 1949
afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_1950_taiwan.htm
This unit within the Asia for Educators website offers an historical overview of Taiwan and U.S.-China relations. An introductory reading is followed by two important primary-source documents – the "Shanghai Communiqué" (1972) and Taiwan Relations Act (1979) – and discussion questions.
Virtual Museum of the "Cultural Revolution"
English version: http://www.cnd.org/cr/english/about.htm
Chinese version: www.cnd.org/CR/halls.html
Foreign Office Files for India, Pakistan and Afghanistan
Columbia University e-seminars
Gandhi: Discovering the Power of Nonviolence
ci.columbia.edu/ci/eseminars/1303s_detail.html
Gandhi's Disciples
ci.columbia.edu/ci/eseminars/1303_detail.html
A Political History of Pakistan
ci.columbia.edu/ci/eseminars/1350_detail.html
South Asian Independence Movement Project, Yale University
http://www.yale.edu/macmillan/southasia/saim/index.htm
Foreign Office Files for Japan, 1919-1952
Asia for Educators
afe.easia.columbia.edu/tps/1900_jp.htm
An initiative of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute at Columbia University, Asia for Educators (AFE) is designed to serve academics and students in world history, culture, geography, art, and literature at undergraduate and pre-undergraduate levels.
BBC: Japan's Quest for Empire 1931-1945
www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/japan_quest_empire_01.shtml
Japan's slow-burning aggression was borne of frustration with a world whose order appeared tipped in favour of the west. Susan Townsend describes how the intensification of this feeling led to the Pearl Harbor attack of 1941.
Lafayette College Library East Asia Image Collections
digital.lafayette.edu/collections/eastasia
This collection contains postcards from the Russo-Japanese War, the Sino-Japanese War, the Pacific War, the Michael Lewis Collection (colonial Taiwan), and many more places and times related to Imperial Japan.
The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: A Digital Exhibition
http://imtfe.law.virginia.edu/
Established to try Japanese officials involved with the Second World War, the IMTFE set a greater precedence for international law than Nuremberg, yet is relatively under-studied in comparison. This digital exhibition includes the G Carrington Williams Photographs and Papers, Roy L Morgan Papers and C W J Phelps Collection.
Foreign Office Files for the Middle East, 1971-1981
Qatar Digital Library
www.qdl.qa.en
Free to use and covers the modern history of the Gulf.
Wilson Center Digital Archive: Iran-Iraq War
digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org
A collection of documents relating to the Iran-Iraq war, which have been translated from the original Arabic.
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960, Near East Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsular, Volume Xii
history.state.gov/historicaldocuments
Primary source documents from the U.S. Department of State which provide a background context to the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). There are also other collections which relate to the Middle East.
Historical Jewish Press
web.nli.org.il/sites/JPress/English/Pages/Default.aspx
Allows one to search many different Hebrew periodicals, and also those in French, Yiddish and English.
American University of Beirut Jafet Library
almashriq.hiof.no/ddc/projects/jafet/posters/english.html
A collection of political posters from between the 1960s and 1980s, covering the Palestinian Question and the Lebanese Civil War.
Foreign Office Files for South East Asia, 1963-1980
History: The Founding of ASEAN
https://asean.org/asean/about-asean/history/
An overview of the history of the formation of ASEAN, detailing the goals and the leaders involved in its creation.
Southeast Asia Digital Library (SEADL)
https://www.asiaportal.info/database/southeast-asia-digital-library-seadl/
A resource portal showcasing a variety of materials published or produced in South East Asia.
NewspaperSG
https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/
A digital collection of English language newspapers from Singapore and Malaya.
September 30th Movement
https://www.britannica.com/event/September-30th-Movement
Information on the September 30th Movement and its wider impact.
Federation of Malaysia
https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2019-07-15_170844.html
A Singapore Government Agency website which provides information on the establishment on the Federation of Malaysia and Singapore’s declaration of independence.